Architectural Styles / Modernist style, c. 1950–1975
Brutalism
/ˈbruː.təl.ɪz.əm/noun
From French béton brut, “raw concrete.”
Definition
A style characterized by massive forms, exposed concrete, repetitive modular elements, and a direct expression of structure.
Fig. 11 — Brutalism: schematic studyNOT TO SCALE
Illustrative study — Brutalism · AI-generatedSAMPLE IMAGE
Photo study — Brutalism · AI-generated00:06
Structural & construction notes
Board-marked concrete records the timber formwork. Exposed surfaces need careful mix design, cover to reinforcement, and drainage to limit staining and decay.
An educational reference. Project-specific design requires professional guidance.